In some ways, it’s not that different. In many high schools, you can still find the same voc-ed classes that existed half a century ago. They prepare students for jobs that don’t typically require college degrees, such as child care, welding, cosmetology, or plumbing.

But in important ways, CTE is very different than your grandfather’s voc ed. Many programs now focus on areas typically associated with associate or bachelor’s degrees, such as engineering or business. Because career-tech-ed classes of all kinds are increasingly seen as roads to additional study after high school, they are meant to be more academically rigorous than those of a previous generation.

Why is CTE becoming more focused on postsecondary degrees? I thought the whole point of CTE was to let students choose to skip college and go right to work.

Two big forces were central in bringing about that shift: New labor-market realities and a troubling past. Let’s take the second one first.

The “tracking” we talked about earlier—where educators classified some students as “not college material” and placed them in voc ed classes—limited students' earnings and social mobility. Equity activists pressed for change, leading to a “college for all” movement that urged all students to attend four-year institutions.

Important changes in the labor market support the need for college, too. A shifting—and increasingly automated—economy offers few jobs for those without some kind of postsecondary training or degree.

Within the last decade, however, low college-completion rates led to a rethinking of the “college for all” movement. With only about half of college students actually completing bachelor’s degrees, policymakers began calling for a richer set of options for students who didn’t want to go the four-year-college route.

Recognizing these trends, career and technical education reshaped itself as a new kind of pathway: one that includes some form of postsecondary training. That could mean earning certification or credentials in good-paying fields like cybersecurity or robotics, or it could mean getting an associate or bachelor’s degree.

The revamping of CTE means new designs for high school programs, too. The best programs aim to keep the doors to college open by requiring rigorous college-prep classes for CTE students, while also providing them with hands-on learning that lets them apply academics to real-world problems, like designing underwater exploration devices in a marine biology program.

Gewertz, Catherine. (2018, July 31). Career and Technical Education. Education Week. 

Statistics show that students who take two or three related courses in career-tech ed are more likely to graduate from high school on time than students in general. But they’re not more likely to enroll in college.Gewertz, Catherine. (2018, July 31). Career and Technical Education. Education Week. 

Yes. But there’s an important caveat here: It depends on the student’s field of study. In some kinds of jobs, earnings are limited without a four-year degree. But in others, students with only a certification or two-year degree can expect to earn as much or more than those with bachelor’s degrees.

Medical technicians, for instance, can anticipate lifetime earnings of $2.2 million with only a two-year degree, according to a recent study, while elementary and middle-school teachers with bachelor’s degrees have average lifetime earnings of $1.7 million.

Gewertz, Catherine. (2018, July 31). Career and Technical Education. Education Week. 

Career Clusters are groupings of occupations. Career Pathways are sub-groupings of occupational areas with a Career Cluster. Occupations are grouped into pathways based on the set of common knowledge and skills required for career success. 

What is a concentrator course and why are they important? 

A Concentrator Course is defined as a second or third-level course that builds upon skills acquired in a prerequisite course. Students are strongly encouraged to become a concentrators in multiple pathways due to the crossover of skills in a variety of career areas. 

What is the NC Career and College Promise? 

The NC Career and College Promise (CCP) offers North Carolina high school-aged students a clear, focused, and affordable path to future success. Qualified North Carolina high school-aged students can begin their two or four year college work, tuition free, while they are in high school, allowing them to get a head start on their workplace and collegiate preparation. Catawba County CTE offers a variety of CCP opportunities for students and is completed in partnership with Catawba Valley Community College. 

Should students participate in work-based learning opportunities? 

Work-based learning such as internships and apprenticeships are excellent opportunities for students to get real-world experiences in particular jobs or career fields. All students are encouraged to participate in multiple intern-ships. These opportunities are offered during the school year and throughout each summer.